Author Archives: Nirmal Kandel

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This is my personal view based on various experiences, thus calling it ‘modified pyramid model of field epidemiology training’.  Thank you for your interest. View Larger image The pyramid concept of FETP is from US-CDC

Establishment and operation of the surveillance systems are very much resource-driven. We need to use many resources (financial, technical, logistical and others) to establish a sensitive surveillance system. Due to the economic downturn, countries have to plan smartly on their … Continued

(This article was published in The  Himalayan Times in 2007) Do we spit in own bedroom or kitchen? No, not at all, but why do we not hesitate to do the same on the streets? Do we throw our garbage … Continued

(This tool was developed in early 2015 and used it in numbers of occasions in various outbreaks) An epidemiologist can use this and their standard epidemiological tool to have a preliminary snapshot of the cultural practices, which may have a … Continued

(This was conceptualised in 2014 in a country where there was established EWARS in place) Background: During a disaster, it is essential to establish disease surveillance system with an early warning mechanism to ensure the early reporting of cases, to … Continued

Original Article Every citizen is excited about the first election of the parliament and federal states after promulgating the new constitution. More than seventy percent of population has enthusiastically voted in the local election, and now citizens are witnessing another … Continued